How can I tell carpenter ants from other big ants?
Black carpenter ants, the common species around Indianapolis, are large, mostly black and come in mixed sizes, from about a quarter inch to half an inch. Seen from the side, the back is evenly rounded, and there is a single bump at the waist. They forage mostly at night and leave sawdust-like frass near their nests.
Workers in one colony range from small to large, which sets them apart from other dark ants that all look the same size. Pavement ants are much smaller and brown to black, and odorous house ants are tiny and smell like coconut when crushed. For those, see ant control.
Frass is the giveaway. It looks like coarse sawdust or pencil shavings and often holds bits of dead ants and other insects. Termites never push wood out like that, and their tunnels are lined with mud, while carpenter ant galleries are smooth and clean.
Why do carpenter ants go after old porches?
Porches stay wet. Floors collect rain and snowmelt, column bases sit in that water, and porch roofs on older houses often leak where they meet the main wall. Once wood stays damp long enough to soften, carpenter ants can tunnel it with ease. Deep porches on Irvington Queen Annes and Foursquares are a frequent nesting spot.
The hollow, built-up columns on many east-side porches are a special case. Water gets in at the base or the cap, rots the core, and ants nest there out of sight. A dull, soft sound when you tap a column, or frass piled at its base, is a reason to have it checked.
Other wet spots worth watching include box gutters built into the cornice, sills under old storm windows, the rim joist below a leaky door threshold, and bathroom floors where tile has cracked. Before changing visible exterior features in a historic district, check with the IHPC.
Are carpenter ants as bad as termites?
Usually not as fast, but they can do real damage over the years. Carpenter ants dig out wood for nesting rather than eating it, and they prefer wood that moisture has already softened. A nest left alone for years can still weaken a sill, porch beam or joist, so the leak and the damaged wood both need attention.
Eastern subterranean termites are the bigger structural threat in central Indiana, because they eat sound wood as well as wet wood and can work unseen for a long time. If you are not sure which insect you have, a termite inspection settles it.
Both are wood-destroying insects, and a wood-destroying insect (WDI) report for your lender or buyer can note carpenter ant evidence along with termites. If you are selling an older house, it pays to treat and repair before the inspection rather than after.
What does it mean if carpenter ants are inside in winter?
Carpenter ants active indoors during a cold snap usually have a nest inside the heated part of the house, not out in the yard. Outdoor colonies go dormant once temperatures drop. Winged swarmers indoors in late winter or early spring point the same way: a mature colony is living in your walls or framing.
Look near warm, damp spots: around the chimney, along a bathroom or kitchen wall, near the water heater, or under a window that has leaked for years. Jot down where and when you see ants. That log helps the technician find the nest quickly.
Spring and summer change the picture. A few large ants wandering in from the yard may be foragers from an outdoor nest, which is why an inspection should come before any decision about how much indoor work is needed.
What repairs keep carpenter ants from coming back?
Dry the wood and take away the bridges. Fix roof, gutter and porch leaks, replace soft wood after treatment, trim branches back from the roof and siding, and keep firewood off the porch and away from the walls. Treatment removes the colony, but wet wood left in place invites the next one.
Gutters packed with maple seeds and oak leaves overflow onto fascia boards and porch roofs, so cleaning them in late fall and again in spring helps. Run downspouts away from porch footings and brick piers. Inside, fix sweating pipes and failed caulk around tubs and showers.
After a big repair, ask the carpenter to replace damaged pieces with sound wood and prime the cut ends. The technician's report gives them a map of where the ants were working.